Paro is a historic and picturesque town in Bhutan, located in the Paro Valley in the western part of the country. It is one of the most well-known and frequently visited towns in Bhutan due to its rich cultural heritage, stunning natural beauty, and significant historical sites.
1. What is Paro?
- Paro Dzong (Rinpung Dzong): One of the most prominent landmarks in Paro is the Paro Dzong, also known as Rinpung Dzong. It is a large fortress and Buddhist monastery that dates back to the 17th century. The dzong is an architectural masterpiece with intricate woodwork and beautiful paintings. It houses both religious and administrative offices and plays a central role in local religious and cultural events.
- Paro Taktsang (Tiger’s Nest Monastery): Paro is famous for the Paro Taktsang, often referred to as the “Tiger’s Nest Monastery.” While the actual monastery is located on a cliffside outside of the town, it is a must-visit attraction for anyone in Paro. The monastery is accessible by a challenging hike and offers breathtaking views of the valley below.
- Marketplace and Shopping: Paro has a lively marketplace where visitors can shop for traditional Bhutanese handicrafts, textiles, jewelry, and other souvenirs. The town’s market is an excellent place to experience the local culture and find unique Bhutanese products.
- Cultural Festivals: Paro hosts various cultural festivals throughout the year, with the Paro Tsechu being one of the most significant. During these festivals, the town comes alive with colorful processions, mask dances, and religious ceremonies.
- Natural Beauty: The Paro Valley is renowned for its natural beauty. It is surrounded by lush green hills, terraced fields, and pristine forests. The Paro River flows through the valley, adding to its scenic charm. The valley is also framed by snow-capped Himalayan peaks, providing a stunning backdrop.
- Airport: Paro is home to Bhutan’s only international airport, Paro International Airport. The airport is known for its challenging approach and is considered one of the most scenic airports in the world.
- Accommodations: Paro offers a range of accommodations, including hotels, guesthouses, and resorts, to cater to the needs of tourists visiting the town and its surrounding attractions.
Paro is not only a gateway to exploring Bhutan’s cultural and natural wonders but is also a destination in itself, offering visitors a glimpse into the unique and rich culture of Bhutan.
2. History of Paro
Paro is one of the oldest and historically significant towns in Bhutan. It has a rich history that dates back many centuries. Here’s a brief overview of the history of Paro town:
- Ancient Origins: The history of Paro town can be traced back to ancient times. It is believed to have been inhabited for more than 2,000 years. The name “Paro” is said to have been derived from the Sanskrit word “pharro,” which means “ravine” or “the key to the country,” signifying its strategic location.
- Buddhist Influence: Bhutan’s conversion to Buddhism in the 8th century had a profound impact on the region, including Paro. Many Buddhist temples and monasteries were established in the area during this period. Paro Dzong, also known as Rinpung Dzong, was founded in the 15th century and played a central role in the region’s religious and administrative affairs.
- Tibetan Invasions: Paro and other regions of Bhutan faced multiple invasions from Tibet in the 17th century. These invasions led to the construction of fortified structures like Paro Dzong to defend against external threats.
- Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal: The unification of Bhutan as a nation under the leadership of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in the 17th century played a pivotal role in the history of Paro. Zhabdrung is credited with establishing a unified political and religious framework in Bhutan. He was instrumental in building many dzongs, including Paro Dzong.
- Cultural Heritage: Paro is renowned for its cultural heritage, which includes traditional Bhutanese architecture, intricate woodwork, and ancient paintings. The town has been a center for cultural preservation and religious studies.
- Colonial Era: During the colonial period, Bhutan faced external pressures from British India. The Duar War of the 1860s resulted in Bhutan ceding some territories to British India. However, Paro and its surrounding areas remained part of Bhutan.
- Modern Era: Paro has seen modernization and development over the years, including the construction of Paro International Airport, which has facilitated tourism and economic growth in the region.
- Tourism: Paro has become a major tourist destination in Bhutan, attracting visitors from around the world. The historical sites, natural beauty, and cultural festivals make it a popular place to explore Bhutanese culture and heritage.
Today, Paro continues to thrive as a cultural and historical hub in Bhutan, preserving its ancient traditions while embracing the opportunities of the modern world.
